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Saturday, October 6, 2007

PostHeaderIcon Basics of Computers...

11:50:00 AM | Posted by Sukh Sandhu | Edit Post
COMPUTER BASICS... (Solutions of Many Basic Terms)


1. URL

URL is known as "Universal Resource Locater" or "Uniform Resource Locator", URL is basically the address of a web page on the world wide web 

say

http://www.google.com.au/

here

Http:// is known as access protocol
www.google.com.au/ is domain name or you can call it an IP Address name
and Optionally the path that addresses the files (Location) is known as "Trade"

2. Processing Device
Processing devices are basically which process the data and execute the information and we have many processing devices for Audio, Video signals, Communication devices which process the information etc...one of the example of Processing device is CPU. CPU [central processing unit-the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing] contains a control unit that executes the program instructions, and an arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) which performs mathematic and logic operations including calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

3. The Start Button (in Microsoft Windows)

Start Button is one of the user interface elements in the Microsoft Windows which serve as the central launching point for applications. Start button is usually localized at Task Bar [- the application desktop bar which is used to launch and monitor applications in Microsoft Windows 95 and later versions, actually its part of the Windows shel] on the left side of the bottom of the Desktop [- the area of the screen in graphical user interfaces against which icons and windows appear]. 

4. Relative VS Absolute Pathname

An absolute path is created whenever your link uses the full URL of an object or page. For instance, http://www.communitymx.com is an absolute path to a specific web site. This method is the best choice whenever you need to send a visitor to another site or need to get content from another site. While you can use it within your own site, there is rarely ever a need to do so.

As you can probably guess, relative paths are used much more frequently than absolute paths. Any time you need to send a visitor to another page within your site or include an object from your site (like an image) on one of your pages a relative link will work just fine. Which form of relative link you should use will depend on how the site is constructed. Document and root relative paths each have a place in the building of a web site. 

CONFUSED? Okay let's see through some examples:

Relative Path: If you are loading a file / image / etc. that is in the same directory as the source file, just use the file name. If the html file is in the top directory and need to link to an image in that directory, 
The relative URL would be 
img src="top.gif" / 

This is the very basic - simple example of a relative path because the file and directory are both in same place. In other words, no path info is required if the files are in the same directory. (very convenient and easy to manage)

To access a sub-directory below the top directory - do NOT use the preceding slashes. For example, if you Home page is the index.html and the logo (ibdhost.gif) image is in the images directory, use:
 img src="images/ibdhost.gif"/  (note the omission of the slash :)

Here is example on a web server (where the web root is public_html)

Root (public_html)
.......index.html
.......top.gif

....images
......ibdhost.gif

....help
......path
........index.php (this page)

For this page, the current page is the index.php file inside the path directory - inside the help directory. Therefore, the relative path to this page is
/help/path/index.php

Then to load the ibdhost.gif image (top left of this page), the relative path to the image is
../../images/ibdhost.gif
Which means the ibdhost.gif image is in a directory two levels up from this index.php file - then down into the 'images' directory.

The two dots .. instruct the server to move up one directory. Therefore two sets of ../../ moves up two levels to the root directory (public_html) - then opens the images directory and loads the ibdhost.gif file.

Of course, if the image had been in the help directory the relative path would be
../help/imagename.jpg

Relative path is really easy to understand just by reviewing the basic definition:
A relative URL points to a file or directory in relation to the present file or directory.


Absolute Path: An absolute URL is the URL most people already understand. It is the complete path including the domain - file name. Example: http://www.ibdhost.com/images/logo.gif specifies an image file (logo.gif) located in the images directory, for the www.ibdhost.com domain. This type of URL is what your must use when you want to link (or load) a file that is on another server.

Another example is the absolute URL of this page (which is also the Address / Location of the file) = http://www.ibdhost.com/help/path/index.php/

5. Device Manager

Device Manager is an OS feature which lets us view and change the feautures of devices installed in the computer 

To open Device Manager Right click (Mouse Button) on my Computer > (Go to) properties (Systems Properties will open up) > Hardware > Device Manager (Click on the TAB) 

6. Four Parts of Computer System:

[INPUT]----------------------->[Processing]-------------------->[Output]
                                                                   -    /\
                                                                   -     -                                         
                                                                   -     -
                                                                   -     -
                                                                   \/    -
                                                                 [Storage]


INPUT: Enter (data or a program) into a computer so devices which help us to enter data into a computer are knows as INPUT devices e.g. Keyboard, Mouse etc...

PROCESSING: Perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information so devices which help us to process the data to produce meaningful information are knows as PROCESSING DEVICES e.g. Processor chip etc...

STORAGE: The process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk or in other words storage is the capacity of a device to hold and retain data so the devices which help us to store information are known as Storage Devices e.g. Hard Drive, Flash Memory etc... 

OUTPUT: The information produced by a program or process from a specific input or Any computer-generated information displayed on screen, punched onto keypunch cards, printed on paper or in machine readable form, such as magnetic tapes or disks ultimately it's results provided by a computer is known as output so the devices which help us in producing meaningful output of information are known as Output Devices e.g. Printer etc...


7. 

WILL ANSWER IN THE EVENING.................

READ HTML AS MUCH AS YOU CAN 
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PostHeaderIcon HTML - Basics of Hypertext MarkUp Language

10:15:00 AM | Posted by Sukh Sandhu | Edit Post

(: LEARN HTML  :) 

INTRODUCTION 

Hypertext mark up language is not very difficult language to understand but you should understand a few basic things that how to create a HTML file, what does hypertext mark up language means? And if this is considered as language how it communicate with the internet broswer? and what are it's tags (words of communication to communicate to browser) etc... so in this blog we will try to understand it's working....

1. WHAT IS HYPERTEXT MARK-UP LANGUAGE 

Hypertext means: "Machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected" so it's basically "Electronic text that is stored as strings of characters and that can be displayed in a variety of formats-in short electronic text which is readable by machine" and one more apt explanation (HyperText is the method by which you move around on the web — by clicking on special text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page. The fact that it is hyper just means it is not linear — i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever you want by clicking on links — there is no set order to do things in.)

Mark-Up means: "Detailed stylistic instructions for typesetting something that is to be printed; manual markup is usually written on the copy (e.g. underlining words that are to be set in italics)-concisely Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of text (italicised, boldfaced,underlined  text, for example).

language Means: A system of words used to name things in a particular discipline so that one end can communicate with another end and can exchange the messages and information. HTML is a Language, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language. 

2. How does it work?

HTML consists of a series of short codes typed into a text-file by the site author — these are the tags. The text is then saved as a html file, and viewed through a browser, like Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. This browser reads the file and translates the text into a visible form, hopefully rendering the page as the author had intended. Writing your own HTML entails using tags correctly to create your vision. You can use anything from a rudimentary text-editor to a powerful graphical editor to create HTML pages.

3. What are the tags up to?

The tags are what separate normal text from HTML code. You might know them as the words between the . They allow all the cool stuff like images and tables and stuff, just by telling your browser what to render on the page. Different tags will perform different functions. The tags themselves don’t appear when you view your page through a browser, but their effects do. 

 

4. How To create a HTML File:


1. Open a notepad (Click START Button> All programs> Accessories> Notepad> Click the icon Notepad and open it) and write the following code and save the file as "Index.htm" and now open the saved INTERNET file without closing the notepad...

CODE:






RESULT:

    This is my first homepage. This text is bold

                                            
So I hope till now you understand that what is HTML and how to create a html file well now you have to start doing the experiments with other HTML TAGS and after adding or deleting any tags or information please always save the NOTEPAD - SOURCE CODE and open the saved internet browser window again and simply press F5 "Refresh" to see the changes...

5. Some HTML Tags now 

Headings

Headings are defined with the h1 to h6 tags. h1 defines the largest heading. h6 defines the smallest heading.

Headings tags always comes in the BODY part of html document :) 



Paragraphs

Paragraphs are defined with the p tag.

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.

Line Breaks

The br tag is used when you want to end a line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The br tag forces a line break wherever you place it. The br tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.

Please visit these websites now for explanation of HTML TAGS :

http://www.helpwithpcs.com/courses/html/html_tags.htm

http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp

If you have any questions please email me (If you know my email id and if you are student of my class or university) otherwise please write down the question or query or anything you want to share in COMMENTS SECTION of this BLOG

God Bless All...



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